IUD
- Stands for “intrauterine device”
- Placed in the uterus for 5 to 10 years
- World’s most widely used method of reversible birth control
- Must be fitted and placed inside or removed by qualified medical practitioner
- Plastic T-shaped fram
- Generally have failure rates of less than 1% per year
- The presence of the device prompts the release of leukocytes and prostaglandins by the endometrium. They kill sperm and eggs.
- Does not protect against STDs
- Safe to use while breastfeeding
- Many pro-lifers view this method as an abortifacient
- Possible side effects: may introduce bacteria into the uterus, risk of pelvic inflammatory disease due to insertion
- Heavier menstrual periods, sometimes more painful
- String can sometimes be felt by men during intercourse
- Increases risk of miscarriage
- Can be used as emergency contraception up to 5 days after intercourse (99% effective)
Depo-Provera
- Injected every 3 months
- Advantages: highly effective, injected every 12 weeks, culturally acceptable, minimal drug interactions, can be used while breastfeeding
- Warnings / Precautions: can require up to 14 days to take effect, no protection against STDs, effects period, causes bone loss
- Side effects: menstrual irregularlitis, abdominal pain, weight change, headache, asthenia, nervousness
Sterilization
- Vasectomy – In males, the vasa deferentia are cut and closed. This prevents sperm produced in testicles to enter semen.
- Tubal ligation – In females, also known as “having your tubes tied”. Fallopian tubes are closed.
- Hysterectomy – In females, the uterus is surgically removed.
Being Female 